문학 텍스트화와 언어-문화 공간의 토포스: 러시아어 "프라브다" 토포스를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explain the constructive function of the topos in the dynamic relationship between literary textualization and language-culture space. The term "topos" for Aristotle evokes either commonplace for validation of a certain type of language or common background for validation of a certain type of argumentation. But in the modem sense, it is proposed to designate three different theoretical conceptions: stereotyped thematic structure(Curtius 1978), underlying general principle for inferencd(Anscombre and Ducrot 1983), normative axiom supporting socialized linguistic assignment(Rastier 1987). In this paper, I propose a synthesized version of topos by enlarging the applicability of Anscombre and Ducrot's idea that generally topas has an inferential form with gradual characteristic, e. g., "if more/less A, then more/less B". With appropriate modifications, their idea can be applied to Curtius's and Rastier's conceptions respectively. If topos has in principle gradual characteristic, it also has relative characteristic with reference to language-culture space; e. g., the topos of Russian J1Hca and that of English fox are the same, but those of COBa and owl are different. From this it is evident that there are not only culture-specific topoi but also cross-cultural ones and that the particularity of a given language-culture space consists in its configuration of topoi in contrast with other configurations.