살정충제의 작용력에 관한 in vitro 실험

Abstract

The rapid progress and dramatic events in the field of fertility regulation since 1960 have prompted a reevaluation of the vaginal methods of contraception includes a consideration not only of the present status of the condom , diaphragm, and spermicides, but also of their potential for further development, increased effectiveness, and greater acceptance. Todays vaginal spermicides are available without a doctor s prescription like the condom and , when used in conjunction with the condom or diaphragm, are highly effective. Spermicidal substances have been in use since pharaonic times, and form part of the folklore of most cultures. In more recent times, growing knowledge of cell biochemistry and of spermatozoal metabolism has provided information about substances that interfere with the functional activity of this cell. This basic approach has been paralleled by more or less empirical work aimed at finding substances with high spermicidal activity that are suitable for human use. In the latter context, the work of Baker (1935, 1937, 1939) in the 1930s, was outstanding both for its application of scientific experimentation to chemical contraception, and for its success in determining the relative in vitro activity of a large number of compounds. Baker' s research led to the wide spread use of phenylmercuric acetate, benzoate, and nitrate as the active principles of contraceptive preparation( Baker, et al 1937). Currently, a lot of research is undertaken for the development of more effective and harmless vaginal spermicides. For evaluation and approval of preparations for vaginal use vaginal spermicides are tested in the laboratory for their spermicidal activity in vitro. They are also tested in laboratory animals for toxicity and vaginal tolerance, and in humans for vaginal tolerance, aesthetic acceptability and clinical effectiveness. This study was designed in order to evaluate the spermicidal activity in vitro of various compounds against human spermatozoa. Attempts were also made to study the influence of several factors on spermicidal activity, and to reappraise the methodology used for the in vitro testing of spermicidal agents.