Person-Organization Fit, Person-Department Fit, and Their Relationship to Performance, Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention

Abstract

Based on the level of congruence among three cultural entities

(corporate culture, departmental culture, and individual

characteristics), nine types of employees (happy spouse, happy insider,

happy outsider, insider, outsider, middle, wandering insider, wandering

outsider, and wanderer) are described. A description of a series of

empirical studies verifying the usefulness of the typological framework

using 39,515 subjects (of 16 countries) from three multinational

cornpanics are provided. Subcultural congruence (i.e.. persondepartment

fit and person-organization fit) turned out to be positively

related to both satisfaction (toward company, department, and job) and

performance (of the department and individuals), while negatively

related to turnover intention (towards company, department, and job).

MANOVA and ANOVA tests revealed that the nine types of employees

were significantly different in every aspect of the dependent variables

considered, irrespective of the company or industry.