Optimal scheduling of critical peak pricing considering photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle load

Abstract

This paper proposes Load Serving Entities (LSEs) model that purchases energy in the wholesale market by optimally operating Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) considering Electric Vehicle (EV) load and photovoltaic (PV) generation. In the proposed scheme, LSEs determine critical event schedule and hourly bidding schedule of band capacity in power exchange for frequency control (PXFC) market. In addition, imbalance penalties due to various uncertain parameters are involved in the stochastic optimization problem with Monte Carlo scenarios. This problem is formulated as mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP). In the simulation section, the optimal critical event schedule described in this paper is numerically verified. Also we show the profit of LSEs is affected by level of uncertain parameters. This result provides intuition that several factors should be considered in the critical peak event operating strategy of LSEs not only market conditions but also characteristics of demands and uncertainty parameters.