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정조대의 曆法과 術數學 지식 - 『千歲曆』과 『協吉通義』를 중심으로 - : The Shushu Knowldge and Calendrial Astronomy in King Chŏngjo Period: The Chŏnseryŏk (Millenium Calendar) and the Hyŏpkiltongŭi (General Meaning of Selection)

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전용훈

Issue Date
2011-06
Publisher
서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원
Citation
한국문화, Vol.54, pp. 311-338
Keywords
曆法術數選擇節氣中星千歲曆協吉通義shushuselectionCh’ŏnseryŏk (Millenium Calendar)Hyŏpkilt’ongŭi (General Meaning of Selection)western astronomycalendar
Abstract
1793년(정조17)에 편찬된 『辛亥啓下觀象藍靈正節目·癸丑啓下事目』에는 정조 15년과 정조 17년에 실시된 관상감의 직제와 처우에 대한 개편사항이 실려 있다. 그 내용은 관상감을 이루는 세 부서인 天文學, 地理學, 命課學 모두에 관계된 것인데, 천문학과 명과학을 중심으로 생각해보면 천문학에서는 서양천문학을 채용한 時憲層法을 운용하기 위한 관직과 시험과목의 개편 그리고 命課學 부문에서는 인력의 보강과 처우개선, 시험 과목의 개편이 눈에 띈다. 천문학 부문에서는 『七政算』을 사용하여 계산하는 大統暫推步官을 폐지하고, 時憲層의 추보에 인원을 보강했으며, 취재시험에서는 『數野靜蘊』(1723)과 『濟象考成』(1723) 이 정식과목으로 부과되었다. 종래 命課學은 다른 두 부서에 비해서 많이 경시되었는데, 이때에 실직관원의 수를 7명으로 확정하고 선발 또한 잡과에 합격한 사람만으로 엄격히 제한하여 담당 관원의 실력을 중시하게 되었다.

In this paper, I examined the context of the publication of two books, Chŏnseryŏk (Millenium Calendar) and the Hyŏpkiltongŭi (General Meaning of Selection) in King Chŏngjo period(1777~1800), which are, respectively, related to the caledrical astronomy and shushu knowledge. Shushu and calendrical astronomy were originally linked with each other. Four kinds of time units, year, month, date, and hour, were seriously concerned with in taking the auspices, and they were deployed by the astronomical method of calendar making. From the seventeenth century when western calendar adopted in Chosŏn kingdom, Korea has sought for a deeper understanding of western astronomy and became to be equiped with suitable calendar making skills applying western astronomy in the mid-eighteenth century. The publication of Chŏnseryŏk in King Chŏngjo period shows that Korea has reached the complete understanding of western astronomy and succeeded in calculating long term calendar of one hundred year future. The Hyŏpkiltongŭi, a compendium on hour and date selection, employed a new Korean time standard compiled by the observation of seasonal culminating star and the cross-check with the calculation. In King Chŏngjo period, Korea was equipped with the best astronomical understanding and calendar making skill, and this made it possible to build a new shushu text with Korean time standard.
ISSN
1226-8356
Language
Korean
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/75735
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