滿洲語의 格, 性, 數에 對해서 : 滿洲語文法(其二)

Abstract

The Grammatical Categories of Case, Gender and Number in the Manchurian Language. In the Manchurian language, we can find severaI morphemes which signify the case ending. That is, (1) zero-morpheme, (2) i, ni, (3) de, (4) be, (5) ci. (1) zero-morpheme signi.fies several case endings; A) Nominative, B) Enumerative, C) Vocative, D) Objective. (2) i, ηi signify two kinds of case endings; A) Genitive, B) Instrumental. (3) de signifies; A) Dative, B) Locative, C) Interval, D) Directive. (4) be; A) Objective. (5) ci; A) Ablative, B) Comparative, C) Departure. In short, the Manchurian Case endings manifest very comp\icated aspects. As for Gender in the Manchurian language, there is no grammatical gender but there exists only natural gender". E.g. haha jui (son) ; sergan jui (daughter) . However, it seems there have some rules to discriminate the natural gender. That is, 1) alternating the vowels (a: e) , 2) affixing the suffixes, 3) with the dissimilarity of consonant, etc. The same thing can be said with the Number". There is no manifest designation for the Number in the Manchurian language. But a considerable number of plural suffixes signify plural numbers.