句法的象似性 : 處所狀語和處所賓語

Abstract

This article analyzes the locative expressions in Modern Chinese based on Haiman (1980)'s principle of Iconicity which says that the different ways of expressions reflect the semantic difference as well. The locative expressions in Modern Chinese consist of '從十locative十 verb', used as either the locative adverb or locative object directly pre- ceded by the verb. To account for the semantic and grammatical differ- ences, we reviewed from the point of questions, negations, locative- marking and the negative focus. Also, we compared 在十locative+verb' construction and 把+locative十verb' where the object is preposed. As a consequence, we reached the conclusion that even though Patient is the typìcal object, the difference between Patient and Non-Patìent is a mat- ter of degree, so that Non-Patìent can appear in the positìon of Patient by means of transitivity raising.